Recent developments in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict have demonstrated complex and changing dynamics. Since Russia’s invasion in February 2022, key events and new military strategies have shaped the situation on the ground. One important point is the change in military tactics by both parties, which are now more focused on drone-based warfare and long-range attacks. Russia, after experiencing much resistance and losing territory, has now adopted a strategy of attacking critical infrastructure in various Ukrainian cities. Missile attacks and drone strikes continue to increase, especially as winter approaches, with the aim of destroying energy facilities and disrupting water supplies. This caused a significant impact on the lives of civilians in Ukraine, who experienced power outages and water shortages. On the other hand, Ukraine continues to strengthen its defense with weapons support from Western countries. Air defense systems, modern tanks and advanced artillery have become part of Ukraine’s arsenal. This military support includes substantial financial assistance, supporting the country’s economic structure in the face of the stress of prolonged conflict. NATO has also increased its presence in Eastern European countries as part of a deterrence strategy. Fighting in the Donbas and Kherson regions remains the main focus. Fierce fighting continued, with both sides counterattacking to control strategic areas. The involvement of special forces and the use of technology such as drones for surveillance and attacks are becoming an integral part of battlefield tactics. In the field of diplomacy, mediation efforts are still ongoing even though the results have not shown significant progress. Dialogue between the parties involved is often hampered by a lack of agreement regarding claimed territory and ceasefire conditions. Meanwhile, the international community continues to pressure Russia to stop its aggression, with increasingly stringent economic sanctions being implemented by western countries. The humanitarian crisis is also deepening in Ukraine. Estimates suggest millions of refugees have fled the country, posing major challenges to the countries that received them. Reports of human rights violations by Russian forces, including attacks on civilians, have increased the international spotlight on the conflict. Energy sources have become political tools in the midst of this conflict. Russia uses gas supplies as a weapon to influence European countries, while Ukraine seeks alternatives to reduce dependence on Russian energy. The transition towards renewable energy and diversification of sources has become a priority for the Ukrainian government. Overall, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict continues to make world headlines. Its developments not only have local impacts but also have global implications, especially in geopolitics. This situation requires continued attention from the international community to find sustainable solutions and ensure stability in Eastern Europe.
